Examples from the slendr paper

# workaround for GitHub actions getting "Killed" due to out of memory issues
# -- when running unit tests on GitHub, smaller amount of sequence will be
# simulated
if (Sys.getenv("RUNNER_OS") != "") {
  scaling <- 10 # use 10X less sequence on GitHub actions
} else {
  scaling <- 1 # but simulate normal amount of data otherwise
}

library(slendr)

library(dplyr)
#> 
#> Attaching package: 'dplyr'
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
#> 
#>     filter, lag
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
#> 
#>     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(ggplot2)
library(purrr)
library(tidyr)
library(cowplot)
library(forcats)

init_env()
#> The interface to all required Python modules has been activated.

SEED <- 42
set.seed(SEED)

# placeholder "figure" where a code chunk will be pasted
p_code <- ggplot() +
  geom_text(aes(x = 1, y = 1), label = "code will be here") +
  theme_void()

Example 1 (Figure 2)

Script from panel A

o <- population("o", time = 1, N = 100)
c <- population("c", time = 2500, N = 100, parent = o)
a <- population("a", time = 2800, N = 100, parent = c)
b <- population("b", time = 3700, N = 100, parent = a)
x1 <- population("x1", time = 4000, N = 15000, parent = c)
x2 <- population("x2", time = 4300, N = 15000, parent = x1)

gf <- gene_flow(from = b, to = x1, start = 5400, end = 5800, 0.1)

model <- compile_model(
  populations = list(o, a, b, c, x1, x2), gene_flow = gf,
  generation_time = 1, simulation_length = 6000
)

plot_model(model, sizes = FALSE, proportions = TRUE) # panel B

ts <- msprime(model, sequence_length = 100e6 / scaling, recombination_rate = 1e-8, random_seed = SEED) %>%
  ts_mutate(mutation_rate = 1e-8, random_seed = SEED)

samples <- ts_samples(ts) %>% group_by(pop) %>% sample_n(100)

# panel C
divergence <- ts_divergence(ts, split(samples$name, samples$pop))

# panel D
f4ratio <- ts_f4ratio(
  ts, X = filter(samples, pop %in% c("x1", "x2"))$name,
  A = "a_1", B = "b_1", C = "c_1", O = "o_1"
)

Complementary SLiM run from the same model

Plotting code

divergence <- divergence %>% mutate(pair = paste(x, "-", y))

f4ratio <- f4ratio %>% mutate(population = gsub("^(.*)_.*$", "\\1", X), alpha = alpha * 100)

p_ex1_divergence <- divergence %>%
  ggplot(aes(fct_reorder(pair, divergence), divergence)) +
  geom_point(size = 2.5) +
  xlab("population pair") + ylab("pairwise divergence") +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom",
        legend.text = element_text(size = 10),
        axis.text.x = element_text(hjust = 1, angle = 45, size = 8),
        axis.title.x = element_blank())

p_ex1_f4ratio <- f4ratio %>%
  ggplot(aes(population, alpha)) +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = 2) +
  geom_jitter(alpha = 0.5) +
  geom_boxplot(outlier.shape = NA, alpha = 0.7) +
  ylab(base::expression(italic("f")[4]~"-ratio ancestry proportion [%]")) +
  theme_minimal() +
  coord_cartesian(ylim = c(0, 20)) +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        axis.text.x = element_text(size = 11),
        axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        panel.grid.major.x = element_blank())#; p_ex3_f4ratio

# let's avoid ggpubr as another dependency:
# https://github.com/kassambara/ggpubr/blob/master/R/as_ggplot.R#L27
p_ex1_legend <- ggdraw() + draw_grob(grid::grobTree(get_legend(p_ex1_divergence)))

p_ex1_model <- plot_model(model, sizes = FALSE, proportions = TRUE)

p_ex1 <- plot_grid(
  p_code,
  plot_grid(
    p_ex1_model,
    plot_grid(
      p_ex1_divergence + theme(legend.position = "none"),
      p_ex1_f4ratio,
      ncol = 2, rel_widths = c(1, 0.8), labels = c("C", "D")
    ),
    p_ex1_legend, nrow = 3, rel_heights = c(1, 1, 0.1),
    labels = "B"
  ),
  nrow = 1, labels = c("A", "")
)

p_ex1

Example 2 (Figure 3)

Script from panel A

map <- world(xrange = c(0, 10), yrange = c(0, 10),
             landscape = region(center = c(5, 5), radius = 5))

p1 <- population("pop1", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 0)
p2 <- population("pop2", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 9)
p3 <- population("pop3", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 6)
p4 <- population("pop4", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 5)
p5 <- population("pop5", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 4)
p6 <- population("pop6", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 3)
p7 <- population("pop7", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 2)
p8 <- population("pop8", time = 1, N = 2000, map = map, competition = 1)

model <- compile_model(
  populations = list(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8),
  generation_time = 1, simulation_length = 5000, resolution = 0.1,
  mating = 0.1, dispersal = 0.05
)

ts <-
  slim(model, sequence_length = 10e6 / scaling, recombination_rate = 1e-8, random_seed = SEED) %>%
  ts_simplify() %>%
  ts_mutate(mutation_rate = 1e-7, random_seed = SEED)
#> Warning: Simplifying a non-recapitated tree sequence. Make sure this is what you
#> really want

locations <- ts_nodes(ts) %>% filter(time == max(time))

heterozygosity <- ts_samples(ts) %>%
  group_by(pop) %>%
  sample_n(100) %>%
  mutate(pi = ts_diversity(ts, name)$diversity)

Plotting code

p_ex2_clustering <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = map) +
  geom_sf(data = locations, aes(color = pop), size = 0.05, alpha = 0.25) +
  facet_grid(. ~ pop, switch = "x") +
  xlab("spatial distributions emerged in the simulation") +
  theme(
    strip.background = element_blank(),
    strip.text = element_text(size = 11),
    panel.grid = element_blank(),
    axis.ticks = element_blank(),
    axis.text = element_blank(),
    panel.background = element_blank()
  ) +
  guides(color = "none")

p_ex2_diversity <- ggplot(heterozygosity, aes(pop, pi, color = pop)) +
  geom_violin(color = "black") +
  geom_jitter(alpha = 0.5) +
  labs(y = "individual heterozygosity") +
  guides(color = "none") +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_blank(), panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
        plot.margin = margin(t = 0.2, r = 0.2, b = -0.1, l = 0.2, "cm"))

p_ex2 <- plot_grid(
  p_code,
  plot_grid(
    p_ex2_diversity,
    p_ex2_clustering +
      theme(plot.margin = margin(t = 0, r = 0.4, b = 0, l = 1.8, "cm")),
    nrow = 2,
    rel_heights = c(1, 0.5),
    labels = c("B", "C")
  ),
  nrow = 2, labels = c("A", ""), rel_heights = c(1.5, 1)
)

p_ex2

Example 3 (Figure 4)

Script from panel A

map <- world(xrange = c(-13, 70), yrange = c(18, 65), crs = 3035)

R1 <- region(
  "EHG range", map,
  polygon = list(c(26, 55), c(38, 53), c(48, 53), c(60, 53),
                 c(60, 60), c(48, 63), c(38, 63), c(26, 60))
)
R2 <- region(
  "Europe", map,
  polygon = list(
    c(-8, 35), c(-5, 36), c(10, 38), c(20, 35), c(25, 35),
    c(33, 45), c(20, 58), c(-5, 60), c(-15, 50)
  )
)
R3 <- region(
  "Anatolia", map,
  polygon = list(c(28, 35), c(40, 35), c(42, 40),
                 c(30, 43), c(27, 40), c(25, 38))
)
R4 <- join(R2, R3)
R5 <- region(
  "YAM range", map,
  polygon = list(c(26, 50), c(38, 49), c(48, 50),
                 c(48, 56), c(38, 59), c(26, 56))
)

ooa_trajectory <- list(c(40, 30), c(50, 30), c(60, 40), c(45, 55))

map <- world(xrange = c(-13, 70), yrange = c(18, 65), crs = 3035)

ooa <- population(
  "OOA", time = 50000, N = 500, remove = 23000,
   map = map, center = c(33, 30), radius = 400e3
) %>%
  move(trajectory = ooa_trajectory, start = 50000, end = 40000, snapshots = 30)

ehg <- population(
  "EHG", time = 28000, N = 1000, parent = ooa, remove = 6000,
  map = map, polygon = R1
)

eur <- population(
  "EUR", time = 30000, N = 2000, parent = ooa,
  map = map, polygon = R2
) %>%
  resize(N = 10000, time = 5000, end = 0, how = "exponential")

ana <- population(
  "ANA", time = 25000, N = 4000, parent = ooa, remove = 3000,
  map = map, polygon = R3
) %>%
  expand_range(by = 3e6, start = 10000, end = 7000, polygon = R4, snapshots = 15)

yam <- population(
  "YAM", time = 7000, N = 600, parent = ehg, remove = 2500,
  map = map, polygon = R5
) %>%
  move(trajectory = list(c(15, 50)), start = 5000, end = 3000, snapshots = 10)

gf <- list(
  gene_flow(ana, to = yam, rate = 0.5, start = 6500, end = 5000),
  gene_flow(ana, to = eur, rate = 0.6, start = 8000, end = 6000),
  gene_flow(yam, to = eur, rate = 0.7, start = 3500, end = 3000)
)

model <- compile_model(
  populations = list(ooa, ehg, eur, ana, yam), gene_flow = gf,
  generation_time = 30, resolution = 10e3,
  competition = 150e3, mating = 120e3, dispersal = 90e3
)

samples <- schedule_sampling(
  model, times = seq(0, 50000, by = 1000),
  list(ehg, 20), list(ana, 20), list(yam, 20), list(eur, 20)
)

plot_model(model, sizes = FALSE)
plot_map(model)

ts <- slim(
  model, burnin = 200000, samples = samples, random_seed = SEED,
  sequence_length = 200000, recombination_rate = 1e-8
)

Plotting code

p_map <- plot_map(model) +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom") +
  guides(alpha = "none")

p_ex3 <- plot_grid(
  p_code,
  plot_grid(
    plot_model(model, sizes = FALSE),
    p_map,
    labels = c("B", "C"), nrow = 2, rel_heights = c(1, 1)
  ),
  ncol = 2, labels = c("A", ""), rel_widths = c(1, 1.2)
)

p_ex3

Example 4 (Figure 5)

Script from panel A

ts_small <- ts_simplify(ts, simplify_to = c("EUR_578", "YAM_75", "ANA_163", "EHG_208"))

# tskit uses zero-based indexing
tree <- ts_phylo(ts_small, i = (20 - 1) / scaling)
#> Starting checking the validity of tree...
#> Found number of tips: n = 8 
#> Found number of nodes: m = 7 
#> Done.
nodes <- ts_nodes(tree)
edges <- ts_edges(tree)

ancestors <- ts_ancestors(ts, "EUR_578")

Plotting code

library(ggtree)
#> ggtree v3.6.2 For help: https://yulab-smu.top/treedata-book/
#> 
#> If you use the ggtree package suite in published research, please cite
#> the appropriate paper(s):
#> 
#> Guangchuang Yu, David Smith, Huachen Zhu, Yi Guan, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam.
#> ggtree: an R package for visualization and annotation of phylogenetic
#> trees with their covariates and other associated data. Methods in
#> Ecology and Evolution. 2017, 8(1):28-36. doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12628
#> 
#> Guangchuang Yu.  Data Integration, Manipulation and Visualization of
#> Phylogenetic Trees (1st edition). Chapman and Hall/CRC. 2022,
#> doi:10.1201/9781003279242
#> 
#> Guangchuang Yu. Using ggtree to visualize data on tree-like structures.
#> Current Protocols in Bioinformatics. 2020, 69:e96. doi:10.1002/cpbi.96
#> 
#> 
#> Attaching package: 'ggtree'
#> The following object is masked from 'package:tidyr':
#> 
#>     expand

# prepare annotation table for ggtree linking R phylo node ID (not tskit integer
# ID!) of each node with its population name
df <- as_tibble(nodes) %>% select(node = phylo_id, pop)

abs_comma <- function (x, ...) {
  format(abs(x) / 1000, ..., scientific = FALSE, trim = TRUE)
}

highlight_nodes <- as_tibble(nodes) %>% dplyr::filter(name == "EUR_578") %>% .$phylo_id

p_tree <- ggtree(tree, aes(color = pop, fill = pop)) %<+% df +
  geom_tiplab(align = TRUE, geom = "label", offset = 2000,
              color = "white", fontface = "bold", size = 2.7) +
  geom_tiplab(align = TRUE, geom = NULL, linetype = "dotted", size = 0) +
  geom_point2(aes(subset = (node %in% highlight_nodes)), color = "black", size = 2.7) +
  geom_label2(aes(label = label, subset = !isTip),
              color = "black", size = 2.7) +
  theme_tree2() +
  theme(legend.position = "none") +
  xlab("time before present [thousand years ago]") +
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(-80000, 31000), labels = abs_comma,
                     breaks = -c(100, 80, 60, 40, 20, 0) * 1000)
p_tree <- revts(p_tree)

# nodes$label <- ifelse(is.na(nodes$name), nodes$node_id, nodes$name)
nodes$label <- sapply(1:nrow(nodes), function(i) {
  if (is.na(nodes[i, ]$name))
    nodes[i, ]$node_id
  else {
    ind <- nodes[i, ]$name
    paste(nodes[!is.na(nodes$name) & nodes$name == ind, ]$node_id, collapse = "&")
  }
})

p_map <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = map) +
  geom_sf(data = edges, aes(color = parent_pop), size = 0.5) +
  geom_sf_label(data = nodes[!nodes$sampled, ],
                aes(label = node_id, fill = pop), size = 3) +
  geom_sf_label(data = nodes[nodes$sampled, ],
                aes(label = label, fill = pop), size = 3,
                fontface = "bold", color = "white") +
  coord_sf(xlim = c(3177066.1, 7188656.9),
           ylim = c(757021.7, 5202983.3), expand = 0) +
  guides(fill = guide_legend("", override.aes = aes(label = ""))) +
  guides(color = "none") +
  scale_colour_discrete(drop = FALSE) +
  scale_fill_discrete(drop = FALSE) +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom",
        axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        axis.title.y = element_blank())

chrom_names <- stats::setNames(
  c("EUR_578 (node 6)", "EUR_578 (node 7)"),
  unique(ancestors$node_id)
)

p_ancestors <- ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = map) +
  geom_sf(data = ancestors, size = 0.5, alpha = 0.25) +
  geom_sf(data = sf::st_set_geometry(ancestors, "parent_location"),
          aes(shape = parent_pop, color = parent_pop)) +
  geom_sf(data = filter(ts_nodes(ts), name == "EUR_578"), size = 3) +
  coord_sf(expand = 0) +
  labs(x = "longitude", y = "latitude") +
  theme_bw() +
  facet_grid(. ~ node_id, labeller = labeller(node_id = chrom_names)) +
  theme(legend.position = "none")

p_legend <- ggdraw() + draw_grob(grid::grobTree(get_legend(p_map)))

p_ex4 <- plot_grid(
  p_code,
  plot_grid(p_tree + theme(legend.position = "none"),
            p_map + theme(legend.position = "none"),
            labels = c("B", "C"), rel_widths = c(1, 0.9)),
  p_ancestors,
  p_legend,
  labels = c("A", "", "D", ""),
  nrow = 4, rel_heights = c(0.5, 1, 1, 0.1)
)

p_ex4

Run time of each code example from the paper

The following times were measured on a 16’’ MacBook Pro with the Apple M1 Pro chip (2021 model), 32 GB RAM, running macOS Ventura Version 13.1.

example	time	units
ex1	5.633559	mins
ex2	12.195180	mins
ex3	2.102600	mins
ex4	0.657444	secs

In the table above, ex1, ex2, ex3, and ex4 correspond to runtimes of code shown in one of the four example figures in the slendr paper.